1: Phelps, Nicole. "Dolce & Gabbana Fall 2013 Ready-to-Wear Collection." Vogue. Condé Nast, 2013. Web. 05 Dec. 2016.

 

2: Brooks, Sarah. “Byzantium (ca. 330–1453).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm (originally published October 2001, last revised October 2009)

 

3: Kessler, Herbert L. "On the state of medieval art history." The Art Bulletin 70.2 (1988): 166-187.

 

4: Brooks, Sarah. “Byzantium (ca. 330–1453).” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm (originally published October 2001, last revised October 2009)

 

5: Cotsonis, John A. Byzantine figural processional crosses. Vol. 10. Dumbarton Oaks, 1994.

 

6,7: Karatzani, Anna, and Thilo Rehren. "The use of metal threads and decorations in Byzantine-Greek Orthodox ecclesiastical textiles." JOM 58.5 (2006): 34-37.

 

8,9,10 Rousseau, Vanessa. "Emblem of an empire: the development of the Byzantine empress's crown." Al-Masaq 16.1 (2004): 5-15. 

 

11,12 Scheer, Monique. "What she looks like: on the recognition and iconization of the virgin mary at apparition sites in the twentieth century." Material Religion 9.4 (2013): 442-467.

 

13 Nelsen, Brent F, and James L. Guth. Religion and the Struggle for European Union: Confessional Culture and the Limits of Integration. , 2015. Print.

 

14 "Immaculate Heart of Mary (Sacred Heart of Mary, Sorrowful Heart of Mary)." Symboldictionarynet Font Faceverdana Geneva Helvetica Color660000 Size4Immaculate Heart of Mary Sacred Heart of Mary Sorrowful Heart of Mary Font Comments. Symbol Dictionary, n.d. Web. 05 Dec. 2016.

 

15, 16 Styler, Rebecca. "Elizabeth Gaskell and the Madonna: metaphors of the maternal divine." The Gaskell Journal 27 (2013): 68.

 

17 Habermas, Gary R. "Shroud of Turin." The Encyclopedia of Christian Civilization (2011).

 

18  FitzGerald, John Edward. "The Veiled Virgin." The Veiled Virgin. Heritage Newfoundland and Labrador, Oct. 2004. Web. 05 Dec. 2016.